Practice 1 - Direct Question

 

Practice 1

Direct Quotations

A.  Turn back to the model paragraph about drug use among Olympic athletes on page 83 and answer the following questions.

1.   How many direct quotations are used in the model paragraph?

Three direct quotations

2.  What reporting verbs and phrases are used to introduce the direct quotations?

State, say, according to

B.   Add punctuation to the following direct questions. Change the capitalization if necessary. (The sentences in this practice are about black holes, which are invisible masses in space larger than giant stars.)

1.   Dr. Yixuan Ma, a well-known astrophysicist, who has been studying black holes, said, “It is one of the most interesting phenomena we astrophysicists have ever studied.”

2.   As she explained, “In black holes, the laws of nature do not seem to apply.”

3.  “A black hole is a tiny point with the mass 25 times the mass of our sun,” explained Ma’s associate, Chun-Yi Su. “Black holes are created by the death of a very large star,” she stated.

4.  “It is an invisible vacuum cleaner in space,” she added, “with tremendous gravitational pull.”

5.  According to Dr. Su, “If a person falls into a black hole, he will eventually be crushed due to the tremendous gravitational forces.”

6. “Time will slow down for him as he approaches the event horizon¹,” she said, “and when he reaches the event horizon, time will stand still for him.”

Fifth Assignment - Punctuate the Text!

 The Lioness

A Fox was boasting to a Lioness. “You should see my four pretty cubs!” she said, “I had them all at once, you know? And what about you? How many cubs do you have?”

“I have only one,” replied the Lioness gently, “but that one is a Lion.”

The Wild Boar and the Fox

A Wild Boar was sharpening his tusks against a tree one day when a Fox came by.

“What are you doing that for?” asked the Fox. “There are no hunters around. Everything looks very peaceful to me.”

“Quite true,” said the Boar, “but when the hunter does come with his dogs, I shall be too busy running away to have time for this. So, let me sharpen my tusks while I can.”

Fourth Assignment-Writing bibliography

Write a bibliography consisting of the following items:

• 4 books with one author:

Faridi, Abdurrahman. 2012. Language Teaching Theories. Semarang: UNNES PRESS.

Azar, Betty Schrampfer. 1989. Understanding and Using English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Regents.

Freeborn, Dennis. 1996. Style: Text Analysis and Lingustic Criticism. London: Macmillan.

Bressler, Charles E. 1999. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

• 4 books with two authors:

Hurford, James R., and Brendan Heasley. 1983. Semantics: a coursebook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gerot, Linda, and Peter Wignell. 1994. Making Sense of Functional Grammar. New South Wales: Antipodean Educational Enterprises.

Martin, J. R., and David Rose. 2003. Working with Discourse: Meaning Beyond the Clause. London: Continuum.

McNamara, G, and O’Hara, J. 2009. Trusting Schools and Teachers: Developing Educational Professionalism through Self-evaluation. New York: Peter Lang.

• 2 books with more than three authors (ET AL.):

Alwi, Hasan, Dardjowidjojo, Soenjono, et al. 1998. Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.

Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., Svartvik, J., et al. 1985: A comprehensive grammar of the English language. London: Longman.

• 2 articles taken from edited books:

Rosch, E. 1978: Principles of categorization. In: Rosch, E., Lloyd, B.B. (eds), Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Fries, P.H. 1993: Information flow in written advertising. In: Alatis, J. (ed.), Language, communication and social meaning.Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

• 5 articles from printed journals:

Halliday, M.A.K. 1966. Some notes on ‘deep’ grammar. Journal of Linguistics 2: 57–67.

Spitzbardt, Harry. 1970. Sanskrit loan words in the Bahasa Indonesia. Journal of Oriental Research 36: 29–47.

____ .1988.Dutch loadwords in Indonesian. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 73: 121–36.

Churchland, P., 1981. Eliminative materialism and the propositional attitudes. Journal of Philosophy 78, 67–90.

Walton, K., 1993. Metaphor and prop-oriented make-believe. European Journal of Philosophy 1, 39–56.

• 4 theses/dissertations:

Bennet, K. 2003. Structures in Early Childhood Learning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Cape Town: University of Cape Town.

Crowe, B. D. 2010. I ain’t Fattening Frogs for Snakes: An Inquiry into the Application of Creativity Research to Teaching Practice. Doctoral dissertation. Ann Arbor: ProQuest.

Kasai, Aya. 2008. Images of pain, images of pain relief: Multimodal Expressive Arts Therapy and Pain Management. MA thesis. California: California Institute of Integral Studies.

Leckenby, R. J. 2005. Dynamic Characterization and Fluid Flow Modelling of Fractured Reservoirs. PhD thesis. London: Imperial College London.

• 2 articles from electronic journals:

Krishnamurti, J. 2012. Creativity in Grammar Classes. Retrieved 02-10-2013, 2012, from http://journal.kfionline.org/issue-2/creativity-in-grammar-classes


Crasborn, Onno, and Els Van Der Kooij. 2013. The Phonology of Focus in Sign Language of the Netherlands. Retrieved 2-10-2013, 2013, from http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8888024&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0022226713000054

Third assignment-Make one title of Skripsi and find the references (20 books+10 journals/articles)

Name : Eko Rustamaji
NIM : 2211411043
Subject : Academic Writing

Title:

THE EFFECT OF THE DIFFERENT PHONOLOGY BETWEEN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE TOWARD THE STUDY OF PRONUNCIATION


References:
1. English Segmental Phonetics by Drs. Amir Sisbiyanto
2. Introducing Phonology by David Odden
3. Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet by the International Phonetic Alphabet
4. A Practical Introduction to Phonetics by J. C. Catfrod
5. Introducing Phonetics and Phonology
6. Course in Phonetics by Peter Ladefoged
7. Vowels and Consonants by Peter Ladefoged
8. The Sounds of the World’s Languages
9. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics by David Crystal
10. Speech Sounds by Patricia Ashby
11. International Phonetic Alphabet for Singers: A Manual for English and Foreign Language Diction by Joan Wall
12. Phonetic Reading of Songs and Arias by Berton Coffin, Ralph Errolle, Warner Singer and Pierre Delattre
13. Fonologi Bahasa Indonesia by Abdul Chaer
14. Fonetik dan Fonologi by Abdul Hassan, Mardian Shah Omar, dan Indirawati Zahid
15. Fonolofi Bahasa Indonesia by Masnur Muslich
16. Pengantar Linguistik dan Tatabahasa Bahasa Indonesia by Lutfi Abbas
17. The Pronunciation of English by Daniel Jones
18. Buku Pintar EYD: Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia Yang Disempurnakan
19. Pengantar Linguistik Umum: Bidang Fonetik dan Fonemik by Daniel Jos Parera
20. Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia Yang Disempurnakan by Balai Pustaka
Articles or Journals:
21. The journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology.
Published by Mouton de Gruyter, starting in 2010.
22. Phonology.
Edited by Colin J. Ewen and Ellen Kaisse.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (United Kingdom)
Publication History: 1984-Present
Frequency: Three times a year
23. Some consequences of Lexical Phonology by P. Kiparsky. (2008)
24. The Significance of Pronunciation in English Language Teaching by Abbas Pourhosein Gilakjani. (2012)
25. English to Indonesian Transliteration to Support English Pronunciation
Practice by Amalia Zahra, and Julie Carson-Berndsen (2010)
26. Fonologi Rangkap Vokal Dan Kepelbagaian Dialek Melayu: Analisis Teori Optimaliti by Zaharani Ahmad (2011)
27. BAHASA PERGAULAN REMAJA: ANALISIS FONOLOGI
GENERATIF by NiWayan Sartini (2009)
28. FONETIK DAN FONOLOGI by  IDA AYUNI, MD ZANISITI, NORFADHILATUL MARYAM, and RAZALI (2013)
29. KEPERLUAN PENETAPAN LOKUS SUSUN TAUT FONEM
DALAM TELAAH FONOLOGI BAHASA INDONESIA by Namsyah Hot Hasibuan (2008)
30. CABARAN DAN PROSES PEMANTAPAN BAHASA MELAYU (CHALLENGES AND ESTABLISHMENT PROCESS OF MALAY LANGUAGE) by Jaafar Bin Jambi (2008)

Second Assignment-The Fields that Can be Investigated by the English Literature Students

THE FIELDS THAT CAN BE INVESTIGATED BY THE ENGLISH LITERATURE STUDENTS 

1. Linguistics

• What is the issue?

Nowadays in the modern era or the globalization era, many English words are absorbed and used daily in Indonesia, especially by the youth. It is common when there are many Indonesian people speak English mixed by Indonesian language. The impact of the technology, especially internet gives the important role of the development of English in Indonesia. Movies, songs, and games also involve on it. Many schools from elementary school until senior high school have curriculum of English. It is interesting to do research “The impact of the different phonology between Indonesian language and English language toward the study of pronunciation”.

•  Criticize using theory!

The theories related to linguistics especially phonology are the theory of structural phonology by Jacobson and Moskowitz (1970, 1971), the theory of universal generative structure by Halle (1968), the theory of prosody-acoustics by Weteson (1976), and the theory contrast and process by Ingram (1974). We can use one of those theories which it suitable with our research.

• How is the quality?

Research of the impact of the different phonology between Indonesian language and English language toward the study of pronunciation, can improve the quality of pronunciation of the Indonesian people, especially the students of elementary school until the students of senior high school. By the good pronunciation of English, it gives good effect for Indonesia in the world view.

2. Music (song)

•  What is the issue?

There are many easy-listening songs from the other countries which are the people like the most. Indonesian people also very like the songs from the other country, such as western songs just because the intonation are easy-listening. Sometimes, they do not know what the meaning of that song is? I mean the meaning of the lyric of the song. They do not realize whether the lyric of the song is not good for them. For example, the songs by Muse entitle Knight of Cydonia. There are some sentences whose meaning are the unbelief of God. Therefore, it is necessary to know the meaning of the song lyrics which we before we love the song.

• Criticize using theory!

The theory which can be used to analyze the songs is the theory of Pragmatics by Stephen C. Levinson (1980). According to Levinson, pragmatics is study of the relationship of the language user of connecting and matching the sentences and contexts exactly.

• What is the quality?

By analyzing the well-known songs from the other countries, especially western songs which use the English language, we can filter the suitable song for the Indonesian people, especially the culture and the religion of Indonesia.

3. Colonialism through Film and Media

• What is the issue?

The western films are interesting. However, is the interesting film with a good effect of CGI or 3D good for us? Is there any another intention or meaning behind the film? For example the well-known film entitle “Total Recall”. That is one of top rank films of the Cinemas in the world. What is the real intention of those movie? We realize or not that we are still being colonialized.

•  Criticize using theory!

The colonialism in the modern era can be analyzed using Electronic Colonialism Theory (ECT) by McPhail. This theory tries to explain how the colonialism done in the postmodern and modern era through media, especially electronics media. ECT focuses on the global media influence on how people think and act.

• What is the quality?

By investigating some film using Electronic Colonialism Theory. The people are expected to know how the colonialism is in the modern era. What is the effect of the colonialism and how to minimize the effect of such colonialism through media?