1. Identity:
A
final Project
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LITERACY APPROACH TO
IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL (The Case of VIII Grade Members of Extra
English Activities “SMP Muhammadiyah” IV Semarang).
A final project submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of sarjana pendidikan in
English.
By: Fiter Johan
2201906012
English department
Faculty of language and arts
Semarang state university
2010
2. Write the research question, problem, and
objective!
1. Research question:
Background of study
A long ago English has been included in the curriculum of junior high
school. It is reasonable because English is an international language and also
the main language used in international scientific community. Realizing the
importance of English, teachers of English have to be aware that English has
four essential skills to be taught. The students have to be able to speak,
listen, read, and write. In English well speaking is the most important one but
it is not easy to make students speak fluently, so the teacher must work hard
and prepare suitable methods in teaching speaking.
Improving students speaking skill needs
good teaching method such as literacy approach. The approach is not fixed and
finite state but development process. The development of literacy involves
developing control over different kinds of language. Useful summaries of
various responses to the question of what literacy is, have been provided by
Wells (1991), Grant (1986) and Freebody and Luke (1990), there are similarities
in the positions that they take. Below are:
1. a. Can you help me please?
b. sure, what can I do for you?
2. a. Can I go to the party?
b. Yes, sure. But you have to be home by
midnight.
1.2
Reason for Choosing Topic
I choose the topic because of the following
reasons. I taught English at SMP Muhammadiyah IV Semarang for three months, I
found that most students are enthusiastic in learning English speaking. Second,
I feel challenged to support them to improve their speaking skill with literacy
approach method. Moreover, I tried to analyze the problems in order to get some
solutions, hoping that it would become contribution especially to develop
speaking skill teaching and English teaching in general.
1.3 Statement
of Problem
The focus of this study is the effectively of literacy approach to
improve speaking skill. The problem posed:
1. How is literacy approach used to improve
students’ speaking ability?
1.4
Objective of Study
The objectives of the study are as follows:
a. How is literacy approach used to improve
students’ speaking ability?
3. Heading of chapter 2
2.1 Review of Previous Studies
Badriah Dewi (2005:21) states that the ability of the observer for
create theoretical frame will hoot with the deep library study, as effort to
get several reference which support and accurate to discuss observation border
which do. Next the theoretical frame which create will be used when the
observer do the observation hypothesis.
Library study have some function includes:
1. Provide theory or conception frame for
observation was planned.
2. Provide information about previous
observation relation with observation will do.
3. Give information about methods, population
and sample, instrument, and data analysis are used to observation did before.
4. Provide finding, observation conclusion
related with finding and our conclusion.
2.2
Theoretical background
Spoken and written language typically
function in different ways, to fulfill different social purposes, in different
context of use. The development of literacy involves developing control over
different kinds of language, as well as learning the different technologies
through which written language is encoded (Hammond, 1992, p.9)
2.2.1
Literacy
Well (1991: 52-53) describes a number of
levels of literacy, each of which represents a different view of literacy. The
first level is what he call per formative. The second level described by Wells
is what he call functional. The third level referred by Wells is what he call
informational. The four level described by Wells is what he call epistemic.
2.2.2
Teaching
Jeremy harmer (1997:267) states the ability to speak
fluently presupposes not only knowledge of language features, but the ability
to process information and language on the spot as well.
2.2.3
Mental/social processing
Improving productive ability involves the knowledge of
language.
2.2.4
Classroom speaking activities
·
Activity from a Script
We can ask our students to act out scenes
from plays and or their course book, sometimes filming the results.
·
Communication games
Which are designed to provoke communication
between students frequently depend on an information gap so that one student
has to talk to a partner in order to solve a puzzle.
·
Discussion
One of the reason that discussion fail
(when they do) is that students are reluctant to give an opinion in front of
whole class.
2.2.5 Interpersonal Communication
a. Understanding interpersonal communication
We can understand means or understanding of
interpersonal communication easy before we have understand the meaning of
interpersonal communication.
b. Interpersonal communication system
Consists of Interpersonal perception, self-concept,
interpersonal attraction, and interpersonal relationship.
c. Interpersonal relationship
Effective communication is signed, with
good interpersonal relationship.
2.3 Principles for teaching speaking to intermediate
learners
2.3.1 Plan speaking task that involve negotiation for
meaning.
2.3.2 Design both transactional and interpersonal
speaking activities.
2.3.3 Personalize the content of speaking activities
whenever possible.
2.4 action research
2.4.1 Definition of action research
2.4.2 Aims of action research
2.4.3 Characteristic of action research
a. On the job problem oriented
b. Problem solving oriented
c. Improvement oriented
d. Multiple data collection
e. Cyclic
f. Participatory (collaborative)
2.4.4 The steps in doing action research
2.4.4.1 Planning
2.4.4.3 Action research
2.4.4.3 Observation
2.4.4.4 Reflection
4. Conclusion (chapter V)
5.1 Conclusions
Based on the result of the analysis in the
previous chapter, the writer concludes that:
5.1.1 The student understanding in teaching
English speaking interpersonal expression by the literacy approach method comes
through physical movement. They would perceive the sense of the expression he
has heard by looking at the movement of body. In other words, by understanding
the speaking interpersonal expression. First the students can improve their
speaking skill. The students’ progress during the teaching and learning
activity by using literacy approach is great.
5.1.2 After conducting the research, the writer
concludes that the advantage of using literacy approach in teaching speaking
interpersonal expression are:
a.
The literacy approach motivates the students since it enjoyable.
b.
In the literacy approach class, the students memorize and acquire the language
through action.
Literacy approach also has some
disadvantages, they are:
a. It should be paid attention that if it is
overused the literacy approach may cause boredom and tiredness.
b. It is limited in terms of language scope.
